William Shakespeares Hamlet - 1308 Words

William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, has deep meaning and sorrow to its story. It has one of the most famous soliloquies ever to be written in theater art, â€Å"To be, or not to be.† At first, reading Shakespeare’s writing seems difficult to understand and be interested in, but as the reader reads on and digs into the roots of the play, it truly grabs the reader’s attention and makes him/her want to know more of the thoughts behind Hamlet. Thus, the story of Hamlet begins and his personality shows throughout the play and most importantly, his soliloquy. Hamlet is characterized as being very unsure of himself, which leads to much confusion. He contemplates his virtue in life, something many people struggle with to understand. One problem that†¦show more content†¦He feels the longer he delays the plan to kill Claudius, the bigger the coward he will be, and the harder he will be on himself for not doing so. Hamlet has a lot of resentment towards Claudius because he has taken his father’s place and married his mother. He feels as though Claudius betrayed him and his father, so he seeks revenge. He does not believe that Claudius deserves the right to the throne, or even the right to live. While he is speaking to Horatio, he makes a comment about Claudius. â€Å"He that hath killed my king, and whored my mother, Popped in between the election and my hopes.† (5, 2, 63-65). This is Hamlet’s way of clarifying that he needs to kill Claudius. Although he is saying it to Horatio, he is really telling himself this so he feels he has good reasoning to kill Claudius. He also feels he needs to pay respect to his father by getting rid of Claudius. Also, by killing Claudius, Hamlet thinks he can prove himself to be brave in front of Ophelia, his potential wife. He wants to show her that even though murdering Claudius is a sin, he can protect her and stand up for what is true and honorable, so he wants to her to remember what he does to Claudius. He calls out to her during his soliloquy; â€Å"The fair Ophelia. – Nymph, in thy orisons; be all my sins remembered.† (3, 1, 90-91). Hamlet would rather have Ophelia remember his sins that to deal with his circumstance. He ends his relationship with her so she will not get in his way of killingShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet981 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is a historic writer that is well known and wrote many plays in his lifetime. In most of his plays, if not all, he has incorporated hidden meanings and messages. T he majority of his hidden meanings are controversial topics of his time period. In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, the controversial topic that is throughout the play is religion and the afterlife. Afterlife plays a big role in Hamlet and is discussed throughout the play. Multiple authors have written on the topic of afterlifeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet964 Words   |  4 Pagesunsatisfactory situation. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, a characters inability to overcome their weakness due to it being emphasized by their unfortunate circumstance results in their tragic downfall. This is illustrated through Hamlets over thinking, Claudiuss ambition, and Gertrudes naive persona. Hamlets character is one that is very thoughtful and conscious, however some view these qualities as procrastination and over thinking. Even Hamlet himself acknowledges this inRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet745 Words   |  3 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet is a unique character due to his unpredictability. He is attempting to discover the truth in a way that no other character of Shakespeare’s has done. We find Hamlet in a state of deep melancholy due to the death of his father, as well as the very sudden and lewd marriage of his uncle and his mother. Hamlet is inspired by the player giving the speech about Hecuba witnessing the massacre of her husband, Priam. He goes off on his own, and he is bewilderedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn one of William Shakespeare’s most notorious plays, Hamlet, Shakespeare uses multiple scenes filled with drama to add a certain extreme dimension to the play. In a story filled with drama, such as Hamlet, an author attempts to use intense dialogue and actions in order to invoke personal emotions and feelings in the hearts of the audience. Shakespeare attempted to have the audience feel the pain that Hamlet experienced, sense the feelings of revenge that were deep in the heart of the prince, andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet 2214 Words   |  9 PagesMadness within: Bipolar William Shakespeare had the uncanny ability to read people then put into words how individuals reacted with one another. His most known playwright is â€Å"Hamlet†. Hamlet leads the opening of the play with grandeur; but, when his father’s ghost of comes to visit him telling of Hamlet’s uncle Claudius killed him. Hamlet schemes a plan pursuing revenge. Hamlet demonstrates depression exceptionally, in the presence of his mother and Uncle Claudius. Shakespeare’s character likely labeledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet might well claim to be Shakespeares most famous play because of its language and the charm of its central character. Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individuallyRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet has been praised and revered for centuries as one of William Shakespeares best known and most popular tragedies. Based on its popularity, critics alike have taken various viewpoints and theories in order to explain Hamlets actions throughout the play. The psychoanalytic point of view is one of the most famous positions taken on Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalytic criticism is a type of literary criticism that analyzes and classifies many of the forms ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1172 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is a complex story that uses many literary devices to help develop the characters in Hamlet. One dominant device is irony. The main plot of the story revolves around irony. Hamlet is a witty character and loves to use irony. Hamlet’s use of irony displays how he insults people, discovers useful information, and reveals his true character. The use of irony in this story helps to add depth to each character, which is why Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most complex stories. There are three typesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2474 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet When first introduced to Hamlet he is a character full of pain and confusion, still mourning his father’s death, ‘But two months dead-nay, not so much, not two’.[1] The punctuation here highlights Hamlet’s anguish. Significantly, Hamlet is already portrayed as a misfit, as no one else within the court but Hamlet is wearing mourning clothes; in Shakespeare’s time it would have been worn for at least a year following the death of a king.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet710 Words   |  3 PagesIn Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet are very few female characters that is caused by the story - the son must avenge his fathers killer , the mother s uncle . Nevertheless images of Gertrude , Queen of the Danish and Ophelia , daughter of royal adviser Polonius , played in the tragedy very important role . In these two images are not simply embodied many typical female character traits - as worthy , and not so . In the process of communication with these women reveal deeper characters of Hamlet and

Frequency Of Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Diabetess is a status in which the organic structure either fails to properly respond to its ain insulin, does non do adequate insulin, or both. This causes glucose to roll up in the blood, frequently taking to assorted complications. It is a life endangering status. We will write a custom essay sample on Frequency Of Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Holocene WHO calculations indicate that worldwide about 3 million deceases per twelvemonth are attributable to diabetes. [ 1 ] 23.6 million people in the USA i.e. 7.8 % of the population have diabetes. 2.3 million people in the UK are diabetics doing 8.8 % of population. In Pakistan 22.04 % of the population in urban and 17.15 % in rural countries suffer from diabetes mellitus. [ 2 ] Currently, it is projected that 150 million people on the Earth have diabetes [ 2 ] . This figure is expected to increase to 300 million by the twelvemonth 2025 ; most of these instances will be type 2 diabetes [ 2 ] . The prevalence of type 2 diabetes varies widely between populations, reflecting differences in both familial susceptibleness and environmental influences [ 1 ] . The Asia and the Pacific have really high rates of diabetes and this is peculiarly due to the effects of modernisation, life style and the ripening of populations [ 1 ] . In fact, despite increasing consciousness of the turning job of diabetes and the recent publication of a figure of anticipations of current and future prevalence of diabetes worldwide, the U.S. is the lone state in the developed universe with dependable informations on national prevalence [ 7 ] . We conducted this survey in Civil Hospital Karachi, a third attention infirmary to measure the current state of affairs of the rapid rise in diabetes in our patients and to place the associated factors which have contributed to this. After finishing this survey we recommended alterations to the relevant authorization on territory and National degree so that appropriate stairss can be taken to screen out this job which is increasing the economic load on our state where the wellness budget is less than 2 per centum. Methodology This is a cross-sectional survey conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi over a period of 7 months ( from 1st January to 31st July 2009 ) Data was collected by questioning the patients sing Medical OPD of Civil Hospital Karachi through a good structured questionnaire. Stress degrees were evaluated by inquiring patients about insomnia ( in the past one month ) . A written consent for the afore-mentioned was taken from each patient. Initially a pilot survey was conducted questioning 10 patients sing medical OPD of Civil Hospital Karachi. Any lacks in the questionnaire and method of the survey were corrected. The sample size was 450 ( approved by the DUHS Ethics and Research Dept. ) . which was non likely purposive sampling. Our chief aim was to measure the frequence of diabetes mellitus and associated factors in patients go toing medical OPD for which the patients included were holding a Fasting Plasma Glucose ( FPG ) degree of 126 mg/dL or above, which was confirmed by reiterating the trial on another twenty-four hours or an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ( OGTT ) 2-hour glucose degree of 200 mg/dL or above which was confirmed by reiterating the trial on another twenty-four hours, A random, blood glucose degree of 200 mg/dL or higher, and the presence of increased micturition, thirst and unexplained weight loss other symptoms can include weariness, blurred vision, increased hungriness, and sores that do non mend. Diabetic Patients with a diagnosing of high blood pressure i.e when the norm of 2 or more diastolic BP measurings on at least 2 consecutive visits is 90 millimeter Hg or when the norm of several systolic BP readings on 2 or more subsequent visits is invariably 140 millimeter Hg. [ 10 ] PASW-18 ( Predictive Analytics Software ) was used for statistical analysis. For uninterrupted response variables like age, BMI, weight were presented by average  ± SD. General distribution was presented by ratio ( M: F ) or per centums. For comparing demographic and basic diabetes variables were used. The survey was given blessing by the moralss Review Committee of Dow University Of Health Sciences ( DUHS ) Consequences: The frequence of Diabetes found in patients go toing medical OPD was 19.71 % .The Mean BMI was 25.2489 ±5.733. The frequence of Type 1 was 14 % and type 2 was 85.7 % .The most susceptible age group was 50-60 with a prevalence per centum of 19.8 % . The patients who besides reported stress related issues were 60.2 % and the patients with first grade relations holding diabetes were 51 % . Patients who besides complained of Hypertension along with diabetes were 58.2 % BMI of Patients Nitrogen Scope Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation BMI of platinum 450 52.26 12.92 65.18 25.2489 5.73306 High blood pressure patient with emphasis Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage no 187 41.8 % no 178 39.8 % yes 260 58.2 % yes 269 60.2 % household history type of DM Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage no 219 49 % type 1 62 14 % yes 228 51 % type 2 388 86 % patient exercising Frequency Percentage no 355 78.8 % yes 95 21.2 % Discussion: The frequence of Diabetes mellitus in patients go toing medical OPD was 19.72 % . This is significantly higher from the prevalence as far because we chiefly collected our informations from an already High Risk Population. Harmonizing to W.H.O 2.8 million i.e. 9 % in UK and 22.04 % in Pakistan are diabetics. [ 1 ] WHO estimates that over the following 10 old ages ( 2006-2015 ) , China will lose $ 558 billion in bygone national income due to bosom disease, shot and diabetes entirely. [ 2 ] Numerous surveies have been conducted in the past linking Diabetes with assorted hazard factors. These surveies showed that additions in fleshiness and diabetes among US grownups continue in male and female, all smoke degrees, all ages, all educational degrees, and in all races reasoning that fleshiness is strongly associated with several major wellness hazard factors. In 2001 the prevalence of fleshiness ( BMI 30 ) was 20.9 % vs 19.8 % in 2000, an addition of 5.6 % . The prevalence of diabetes increased to 7.9 % vs 7.3 % in 2000, an addition of 8.2 % . The prevalence of BMI of 40 or higher in 2001 was 2.3 % . Overweight and fleshiness were significantly associated with diabetes, high blood force per unit area, high cholesterin, asthma, arthritis, and hapless wellness position. [ 14 ] and [ 15 ] Type 2 diabetes, characterized by target-tissue opposition to insulin, is like an epidemic largely in industrialised societies and is strongly associated with fleshiness ; nevertheless, the mechanism by which increased adiposeness causes insulin opposition is ill-defined. A survey was conducted to find the prevalence and impact of corpulence and fleshiness among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus on glycaemic control and cardiovascular hazard factors in patients go toing a secondary attention diabetes clinic in the United Kingdom. The consequences showed that Obesity is common among patients go toing this infirmary ‘s diabetes clinic, with 86 % of those with type 2 diabetes were corpulent. Among the Chinese Adult population steps of cardinal fleshiness are better forecasters of glucose tolerance abnormalcies prevalence than BMI. A WHtR cut-off point of 0.5 for both work forces and adult females can be considered as optimum for foretelling ( pre- ) diabetes and may be a utile tool for testing and wellness instruction. [ 13 ] In the US Nurses ‘ Health Study, 114,247 adult females were followed for 8 old ages and 2,333 instances of type 2 diabetes were confirmed. After commanding for multiple hazard factors, the comparative hazard of diabetes was 1.42 among adult females who smoked 25 or more coffin nails a twenty-four hours compared with non-smokers, proposing a sensible association between smoke and the consequent development of diabetes. [ 16 ] A similar survey of 41,810 in-between aged work forces found that those who smoked more than 25 coffin nails daily had a comparative hazard of diabetes of 1.94 compared with non-smokers. [ 17 ] Smoking compounds the diabetic jobs Smoking which causes type 2 diabetes can impact the other manner unit of ammunition, excessively. Diabetics who smoke are at more hazard of worsening their wellness jobs. Diabetics who smoke are at a higher hazard ( three times ) to decease of bosom onslaught and shot than diabetics who do non smoke moreover blood glucose, blood force per unit area, cholesterin degrees and the opportunity of infections shoots up among diabetics as smoke amendss the blood vass of these patients which makes harder for their organic structure to mend. They can eventually stop up in amputations. Diabetics who already suffer from kidney, nervus and joint disease can damage the same when they smoke. Diabetics who continue to smoke face trouble in contending against cold and other respiratory diseases and are prone to develop dangerous malignant neoplastic diseases in oral cavity, pharynx, lung and vesica. They besides have greater hazard of being impotent taking to psychological and societal jobs. Decision: Pakistan has a quickly lifting prevalence of diabetes and other classs of unnatural glucose tolerance. Pakistan is in one of the most High hazard countries of the universe where Diabetes is prevailing. The prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan is one of the highest yet reported from a developing state with a contrasting background as compared to the western states. The frequence of Diabetes mellitus found in our research survey was 19.71 % . The most important associations were Patient ‘s age, Obesity, Stress, Family History, Ethnic group, diet and Hypertension. Recommendations: Early sensing and bar of diabetes in the high hazard group is of import in order to forestall the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes mellitus. Designation of High hazard group their societal, life manner and dietetic alteration may cut down the development of diabetes. The survey was conducted in order to place the incidence and associated factors of diabetes in our population. 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Changing Face of HRM

Question: Discuss about theChanging Face of HRM. Answer: Introduction Human Resource Management or precisely known has HRM is a subject to a number of debates pertaining to its importance and relevance in an organization. However with the changes taking places in the organization, the functions of the human resource department in any organization has been overwhelmingly increasing. It has increased to such an extent that it is nearly impossible now to conceive an organization without the Human Resource Department. The aim of the essay is to bring out the growing relevance of HRM in any industry and how the changing nature of the society has a direct impact on the practices of the HR people in an organization. (Guest, 2011).We would also try and analyse the various changes taking place in the social, political, cultural and economic aspect across the globe. These changes in turn are giving rise to a number of challenges that the organizations have to face in order to stay in business. This means that the issues arising in any organization is primarily dealt with the help of Human Resource Department (Farndale, Scullion and Sparrow, 2010). Thus thismakestheir role in any organization is inevitable. The changing trends and challenges that are usually being faced by the HR people in an organization which will be discussed are mainly: The stepped-up competition for talent New development in technology Demographic changes In the due course we will bring out how each challenge is having a direct impact on the HR planning of an organization, leading to transformation in rules and policies of the same (Dessler, 2013). Before going on elaborating on the changing nature of HRM in any industry, we first need to have a clear conception of the term HRM which we would often be referring to in the essay. HRM is a coherent and strategic approach to management of an organizations most values assets the people working there, either individually or collectively who contribute to the achievement of objectives that the organization aims for (Boxall and Purcell, 2011). Summing it up, Human Resource Management is to MINDE i.e. managed, inspire, nurture, develop and engage. HRM has an all-embracing function dealing with all the aspect of an organization. Thus if any changes of any nature take place in any organization, the direct impact would be on none other than the HR people as going by their functions form the backbone of the industries today. (Armstrong and Taylor, 2011).The HR are sought to be all-rounders, having an idea about the function of all the departments of the company. They ensure that the indivi dual along with their own growth, work for the bigger aim to attain the objectives of the company.(Nickson, 2013). One thing that should be clearly kept in mind is that the organizations are affected internally by changes taking place for e.g. changes in policies and regulations, trade union factor, culture and conflict of the organization and professional bodies present in the organization. (Tarique and Schuler, 2010).However along with the internal changes external factors like cultural changes taking place in the world, the technological developments and constant inventions that is witnessed with each passing day. The economic growth and fluctuations faced by the various countries and the political legal scenario also play a major in influencing the terms and conditions of an organization (Tymaon, Stumpf and Doh, 2010). Going by the impact the various challenges are that an industry is facing we first need to analyse the nature of the challenges. Observation of the challenges that are taken up for discussion, we see that all the trends whose influence we are trying to assess are external factors. The main trend which in reality is a matter of concern is the stepped-up competition of talent in the market (Jiang, Lepak, Hu and Baer, 2012). There is constant competition to attract the best kind of labour in the market. Each company with the help of their policies of work ethics, development and growth tries to attract the best of the lot. Attracting and acquisition of a person and their skills is not the issue today, the problem revolves around the retention of the person in the long run. Companies are offering neck to neck competition in the market today. They are adapting strategies like offering high salary packages , relaxed shifts or work conditions, flexibility of time , recreational facilities and the like , they try to attract the most skilled people in the company (Mandhanya and Shah, 2010). For e.g., ITC or the India Tobacco Company, a leading FMCG company tries to acquire the creamy layers of the society by offering a higher salary package to the its employees along with other perks and benefits in order to retain them in the long run. Phillips India Limited for that matter provides the option of work from home to their employees to ensure their convenience. What we need to accept is the fact that there is dearth of talent in the market today, thus the HR personnels are try to mould the policies of their or ganization in a such a manner that they can get the apt people for the diverse kinds of job they are offering. Google, for example is regarded as the best company to work for as they provide the best of facilities for their employees. This is done so because they can be best in the market. They are investing in the employees in return for the output given by them. This would help them increase their productivity.(Scarbrough and Corbett, 2013). The strategy is formulated in such a manner that they promote the individual development of an organization in line with the ultimate objective of the organization. For this purpose, it is often seen that the companies also map out career plan for their employees to keep them motivated and give them a clear vision of what they have to do in the organization (Fee, 2014). This shows that the rat race for acquiring the best kind of talent for their organization plays a direct role in the formulation of the policies for the HR department (Mondy Mondy, 2013). It is also ensure that they provide what the others in the market cannot. This is not only with respect to the monetary compensation but also the social and psychological aspects. The next challenge faced by the HR department and the hospitality industry today is the new developments that are taking place in the world. If we trace the history, technology has played an important role in shaping up the organizational structure. Initially most of the work in any industry was done manually which means that more labour force rather more people were required to carry out the tasks. At the end the production was also low as compared to the work which is done manually. ( Choi, Lee and Yoo, 2010).However with industrial revolution and other technological transformations taking place in the due course of time replaced manual labour with machines which obviously changed the face of many policies of the company. Lesser people were now required to carry out the same task. However specialized labour was now required to operate the systems and various machines. The role of the HR manager is to handle the technological advancement and of course the people along with it in such a way that factors like employee management and team building does not come as challenge in front of them. This is usually done by improvising the concept of change management in their systems. When something new or different is introduced in the organization, the Human Resource manager takes the responsibility of ensuring that the employees are well acquainted with the new system. They also provide them with requisite skills for dealing with the same (C G Davidson, McPhail and Barry, 2011).For e.g., if a new software package is introduced in the company, the employees are given adequate training to operate that software. This is where the major role of the HR personnel comes in the scenario. Previously, their task was merely restricted to the recruitment and allotting their packages as per their qualification but now there is much more to the picture. With the changes taking place in technology, HRM in any organization now tries to constantly try to keep pace with the changes otherwise it would be impossible to manage the people. Taking the example of Canon, a multinational camera manufacturing company was first of its kind in manufacturing new types of cameras with focal lenses (Mellow, 2011). However with the advancement in technology what we see in fashion is the coming of the high resolution camera phones.This made the camera market almost obsolete in nature. In order to cope with this change, the organization thought of utilizing the lenses they specialized and diversified their system of production by now manufacturing Xerox and photocopy machines which was then gaining rapid importance in the market (Daley, 2012).This example clearly shows us how HR department alo ng with other line managers coped up with a crisis with the help of their innovative policies. This was in line with the advancements and most importantly change management. Another inevitable and important change that takes place in any organization is the demographic changes. As the labour force is very diverse now, industries try to make a good amount of change in their approach towards people management. If we take in the ageing population into consideration, it should be kept in mind that with the change in generation the HR implications are also changing in the same manner. (Boehm, Kunze and Bruch, 2014). A major demographic change that is taking place is the increase in the number of female employees in organization. Where the HR people were accustomed to dealing with men, new strategies have to be planned to suit both the generations. For the same cause, benefits that are especially created for the convenience of the women like maternity leaves have been thought of to ensure that their satisfaction and comfort?(Dowling et al, 2013). With the new generation constantly trying to be innovative in the way they do things, cannot be dealt with in the same manner as one deals with the older employees. What motivates a young person and a relatively old person can be very different. For that matter even the vision they have can be antagonistic in nature (Ernst Kossek, Lewis and Hammer, 2010).Thus the HR has to ensure that their strategic planning is tailor fit for the age group they are dealing with. For example, a perk like a free holiday trip would not excite or motivate an older employee as compared to younger one. Thus demographic changes directly influence the plans and policies of an organization. With the changing society, we see a drastic change in the organizational pattern as well of the industries. Human Resource Management now acquires an innovative and unique way of dealing with the people of the company which was earlier much lighter in nature. HR managers have the most important role to play in the organization because they are responsible for managing people, men being social animal with the ability to reason and question becomes a major problem. HRM has acquired a prominent role in the society owing to functions it now performs in any organization - from planning to application , from mere organizing to skilful training , the functions of an HR has come a long way. The companies and industries that operate in the 21st century have been carved out of their HR practices itself. This is done in accordance with the changing times and the challenges they are facing (Patrick Neumanand Dul, 2010 ).The trends and challenges a company faces gives it a new face altogether by reforming its policies and restructuring its regulation. If any organization fails to cope up with the changing trends or are unable to find methods to overcome these changes that are unavoidable, the company would slowly perish. The major impact mostly on the organizations after facing the challenges is to change- a change in accordance with need of the hour or what the situations demand for per se. The external challenges are in fact healthy for any organization as they teach the companies to be on their toes. They help them in brainstorming various new ways of handling the change.(Thunnison,Boselie and Fruytier, 2013). Of course the challenges do become problematic for the organizations at times, but then again this is the spirit of competition. Furthermore, when they overcome these challenges, such organizations are mostly found at the winning end. References: Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Boehm, S. A., Kunze, F., Bruch, H. (2014). Spotlight on age?diversity climate: The impact of age?inclusive HR practices on firm?level outcomes.Personnel Psychology,67(3), 667-704. Boxall, P., Purcell, J. (2011).Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan. CG Davidson, M., McPhail, R., Barry, S. (2011). Hospitality HRM: past, present and the future.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(4), 498-516. Choi, S. Y., Lee, H., Yoo, Y. (2010). The impact of information technology and transactive memory systems on knowledge sharing, application, and team performance: a field study.MIS quarterly, 855-870. Daley, D. M. (2012). Strategic human resource management.Public Personnel Management, 120-125. Dessler, G.(2013).Human resource management. (13th ed). Boston, Ma: Pearson Higher Ed. Dowling, P.J., Festing, M., Engler, A.D.(2013).International Human resource management.(6th ed).South Melboune, Vic:Cengage. Ernst Kossek, E., Lewis, S., Hammer, L. B. (2010). Worklife initiatives and organizational change: Overcoming mixed messages to move from the margin to the mainstream.human relations,63(1), 3-19. Farndale, E., Scullion, H., Sparrow, P. (2010). The role of the corporate HR function in global talent management.Journal of World Business,45(2), 161-168. Fee, M. C. (2014). Human resources management. Guest, D. E. (2011). Human resource management and performance: still searching for some answers.Human resource management journal,21(1), 3-13. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), 1264-1294. Mandhanya, Y., Shah, M. (2010). EMPLOYER BRANDING-A TOOL FOR TALENT MANAGEMENT.Global Management Review,4(2). Mellow, J.A., (2011). Strategic Human Resource Management. (3rd ed.). Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning. Mondy, R.W., and Mondy, J.B. (2013). Human Resource Management. (13th ed.). Boston, MA:Pearson. Nickson, D. (2013).Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Patrick Neumann, W., Dul, J. (2010). Human factors: spanning the gap between OM and HRM.International journal of operations production management,30(9), 923-950. Scarbrough, H., Corbett, J. M. (2013).Technology and Organization (RLE: Organizations): Power, Meaning and Deisgn. Routledge. Tarique, I., Schuler, R. S. (2010). Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research.Journal of world business,45(2), 122-133. Thunnissen, M., Boselie, P., Fruytier, B. (2013). Talent management and the relevance of context: Towards a pluralistic approach.Human Resource Management Review,23(4), 326-336. Tymon, W. G., Stumpf, S. A., Doh, J. P. (2010). Exploring talent management in India: The neglected role of intrinsic rewards.Journal of World Business,45(2), 109-121.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Curabitur eu mauris sed sapien fringilla tristique laoreet iaculis leo. Morbi eu vehicula dui. Donec pretium efficitur felis. Fusce in felis eu lacus sagittis iaculis. Suspendisse id metus laoreet, efficitur est eget, condimentum dui. Nam nec mauris malesuada, fringilla nisl et, sagittis lorem. Fusce pellentesque quam et massa feugiat molestie. Aliquam erat volutpat. Sed sit amet nisi aliquet dui tincidunt sollicitudin ut sed felis. Quisque mauris sem, pharetra eu tincidunt nec, eleifend in tortor. Pellentesque malesuada dolor ac risus sollicitudin consequat. Vivamus mollis eros at est lobortis aliquet vitae vitae ligula. Aliquam eleifend faucibus leo dapibus fermentum. Integer porta vel orci eget lobortis. Etiam sollicitudin facilisis egestas. Nam et lectus in mi porta lacinia. Pellentesque ut viverra mi. Aliquam libero arcu, tempor sit amet nunc vitae, sodales sagittis purus. Morbi id nisi erat. Donec venenatis velit in eros viverra, vitae tincidunt massa pharetra. Mauris eu nibh mi. Suspendisse pharetra, ipsum non sollicitudin tincidunt, nibh justo feugiat libero, in ornare lacus ipsum quis augue. Aliquam a pretium elit, in auctor justo. Sed iaculis metus non dolor egestas sollicitudin. Curabitur vehicula, nulla vel varius faucibus, sem dolor lacinia nisl, sed dictum dolor elit eget nisi. Fusce varius vel nulla in accumsan. Vivamus non suscipit enim. Pellentesque aliquet pellentesque tempor. Sed at massa eu quam fringilla imperdiet a nec nulla. In vestibulum elit vitae ligula dapibus ultrices. Sed viverra non neque vitae gravida. Morbi faucibus nulla vitae vulputate venenatis. Aliquam dapibus, tellus a congue pharetra, justo leo condimentum arcu, id suscipit dui eros sed lacus. Donec eu tincidunt velit. Sed eleifend sed nibh in placerat. Praesent efficitur neque neque, consectetur tristique enim facilisis ut. Vivamus venenatis lectus sed ex porttitor, a gravida quam egestas. Pellentesque vel iaculis urna, euismod pretium ante. Nunc condimentum, lacus quis ornare dictum, purus purus ornare est, ac porttitor diam tellus eget urna. Fusce vitae lobortis libero. Vestibulum auctor euismod ipsum, vel pretium mi egestas id. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Nam velit diam, varius et elit id, egestas commodo orci. Cras tincidunt arcu sapien, et interdum sem aliquet vel. Proin nulla sapien, viverra vitae cursus id, ultrices vel turpis. Maecenas accumsan velit massa, maximus varius justo placerat non. Etiam ac semper odio, ac convallis nibh

Ubaidian Culture and the Roots of Mesopotamia

Ubaidian Culture and the Roots of Mesopotamia The Ubaid (pronounced ooh-bayed), sometimes spelled Ubaid and referred to as Ubaidian to keep it separate from the type site of el Ubaid, refers to a time period and a material culture exhibited in Mesopotamia and adjacent areas which predate  the rise of the great urban cities. The Ubaid material culture, including ceramic decorative styles, artifact types and architectural forms, existed between about 7300-6100 years ago, over the vast Near Eastern region between the Mediterranean to the Straits of Hormuz, including parts of Anatolia and perhaps the Caucasus mountains. The geographic spread of Ubaid or Ubaid-like pottery, a pottery style which has black geometric lines drawn on a buff-colored body, has led some researchers (Carter and others) to suggest that a more accurate term might be Near Eastern Chalcolithic black-on-buff horizon rather than Ubaid, which implies that the core area for the culture was southern Mesopotamia- el Ubaid is in southern Iran. Thank goodness, so far theyre holding off on that. Phases While there is widespread acceptance of the chronological terminology for Ubaid ceramics, as you might expect, dates are not absolute across the entire region. In southern Mesopotamia, the six periods span between 6500-3800 BC; but in other regions, Ubaid only lasted between ~5300 and 4300 BC. Ubaid 5, Terminal Ubaid begins ~4200 BCUbaid 4, once known as Late Ubaid ~5200Ubaid 3 Tell al-Ubaid style and period) ~5300Ubaid 2 Hajji Muhammad style and period) ~5500Ubaid 1, Eridu style and period, ~5750 BCUbaid 0, Ouelli period ~6500 BC Redefining the Ubaid "Core" Scholars are hesitant today to re-define the core area from which the idea of Ubaid culture spread out because the regional variation is so extensive. Instead, at a workshop at the University in Durham in 2006, scholars proposed that the cultural similarities seen across the region developed from a vast inter-regional melting pot of influences (see Carter and Philip 2010 and other articles in the volume). Movement of the material culture is believed to have spread throughout the region primarily by peaceable trade, and various local appropriations of a shared social identity and ceremonial ideology. While most scholars still suggest a Southern Mesopotamian origin for black-on-buff ceramics, evidence at Turkish sites such as Domuztepe and Kenan Tepe is beginning to erode that view. Artifacts The Ubaid is defined by a relatively small set of characteristics, with a significant degree of regional variation, due in part to differing social and environmental configurations across the region. Typical Ubaid pottery is a high-fired buff body painted in black, the decorations of which become simpler over time. Shapes include deep bowls and basins, shallow bowls and globular jars. Architectural forms include a freestanding tripartite house with a T-shaped or cruciform central hall. Public buildings have a similar construction and a similar size, but have external facades with niches and buttresses. The corners are oriented to the four cardinal directions  and sometimes are built top platforms. Other artifacts include clay disks with flanges (which might be labrets or ear spools), bent clay nails which were apparently used to grind clay, Ophidian or cone-headed clay figurines with coffee-bean eyes, and clay sickles. Head-shaping, modification of childrens heads at or near birth, is a recently-identified trait; copper smelting at XVII at Tepe Gawra. Exchange goods include lapis lazuli, turquoise, and carnelian. Stamp seals are common at some sites such as Tepe Gawra and Degirmentepe in northern Mesopotamia and Kosak Shamai in northwest Syria, but not apparently in southern Mesopotamia. Shared Social Practices Some scholars argue that decorated open vessels in the black-on-buff ceramics represent evidence for feasting  or at least the shared ritual consumption of food and drink. By Ubaid period 3/4, region-wide the styles became simpler from their earlier forms, which were highly decorated. That may signify a shift towards communal identity and solidarity, a thing also reflected in communal cemeteries. Ubaid Agriculture Little archaeobotanical evidence has been recovered from Ubaid period sites, except for samples recently reported from a burned tri-partite house at Kenan Tepe in Turkey, occupied between 6700-6400 BP, within the Ubaid 3/4 transition. The fire that destroyed the house resulted in the  excellent preservation of nearly 70,000 specimens of charred plant material, including a reed basket full of well-preserved charred materials. Plants recovered from Kenan Tepe were dominated by  emmer wheat  (Triticum dicoccum) and two-rowed hulled  barley  (Hordeum vulgare  v.  distichum). Also recovered were smaller amounts of triticum wheat, flax (Linum usitassimum), lentil (Lens culinaris) and peas (Pisum sativum). Elites and Social Stratification In the 1990s, Ubaid was considered a fairly egalitarian society, and it is true that  social ranking  is not very apparent in any Ubaid site. Given the presence of elaborated pottery in the early period, and  public architecture  in the later, however, that doesnt seem very likely, and archaeologists have recognized subtle cues which appear to support the subdued presence of elites even from Ubaid 0, although its possible that elite roles might have been transitory early on. By Ubaid 2 and 3, there is clearly a shift in labor from decorated single pots to an emphasis on public architecture, such as buttressed temples, which would have benefited the entire community rather than a small group of elites. Scholars suggest that might have been a deliberate action to avoid ostentatious displays of wealth and power by elites and instead highlight community alliances. That suggests that power depended on alliance networks and control of local resources. In terms of settlement patterns, by Ubaid 2-3, southern Mesopotamia had a two-level hierarchy with a few large sites of 10 hectares or larger, including Eridu, Ur, and Uqair, surrounded by smaller, possibly subordinate villages. Ubaid Cemetery at Ur In 2012, scientists at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia and the British Museum began joint work on a new project, to digitize C. Leonard Woolleys records at Ur. Members of the  Ur of the Chaldees: A Virtual Vision of Woolleys Excavations  project recently rediscovered skeletal material from Urs Ubaid levels, which had been lost from the record database. The skeletal material, found in an unmarked box within Penns collections, represented an adult male, one of 48 interments found buried in what Woolley called the flood layer, a silt layer some 40 feet deep within Tell al-Muqayyar. After excavating the Royal Cemetery at Ur, Woolley sought the earliest levels of the tell by excavating an enormous trench. At the bottom of the trench, he discovered a thick layer of water-laid silt, in places as much as 10 feet thick. The Ubaid-period burials had been excavated into the silt, and beneath the cemetery was yet another cultural layer. Woolley determined that in its earliest days, Ur was located on an island in a marsh: the silt layer was the result of a great flood. The people buried in the cemetery had lived after that flood and were interred within the flood deposits. One possible historic  precursor of the Biblical flood story is thought to be that of the Sumerian tale of  Gilgamesh. In honor of that tradition, the research team named the newly rediscovered burial Utnapishtim, the name of the man who survived the great flood in the Gilgamesh version. Sources Beech M. 2002. Fishing in the Ubaid: a review of fish-bone assemblages from early prehistoric coastal settlements in the Arabian gulf. Journal of Oman Studies 8:25-40. Carter R. 2006.  Boat  Antiquity  80:52-63. remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth mllennia BC. Carter RA, and Philip G. 2010.  Deconstructing the Ubaid.  In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute. Connan J, Carter R, Crawford H, Tobey M, Charrià ©-Duhaut A, Jarvie D, Albrecht P, and Norman K. 2005.  A comparative geochemical study of bituminous boat remains from H3, As-Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ-2, Ras al-Jinz (Oman).  Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy  16(1):21-66. Graham PJ, and Smith A. 2013.  A day in the life of   Antiquity  87(336):405-417.an Ubaid household: archaeobotanical investigations at Kenan Tepe, south-eastern Turkey. Kennedy JR. 2012.  Commensality and labor in terminal Ubaid northern Mesopotamia.  Journal for Ancient Studies  2:125-156. Pollock S. 2010.  Practices of daily life in fifth millennium BC Iran and Mesopotamia. In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East.  Chicago: Oriental Institute. p 93-112. Stein GJ. 2011. Tell Zeiden 2010. Oriental Institute Annual Report. p 122-139. Stein G. 2010.  Local identities and interaction spheres: Modeling regional variation in the Ubaid horizon. In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute. p 23-44. Stein G. 1994. Economy, ritual, and power in Ubaid Mesopotamia. In: Stein G, and Rothman MS, editors.  Chiefdoms and . Madison, WI: Prehistory Press.Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity

Definition of Wormhole - Theory of Relativity

Definition of Wormhole - Theory of Relativity Definition: A wormhole is a theoretical entity allowed by Einsteins theory of general relativity in which spacetime curvature connects two distant locations (or times). The name wormhole was coined by American theoretical physicist John A. Wheeler in 1957, based on an analogy of how a worm could chew a hole from one end of an apple through the center to the other end, thus creating a shortcut through the intervening space. The picture to the right depicts a simplified model of how this would work in linking two areas of two-dimensional space. The most common concept of a wormhole is an Einstein-Rosen bridge, first formalized by Albert Einstein and his colleague Nathan Rosen in 1935. In 1962, John A. Wheeler and Robert W. Fuller were able to prove that such a wormhole would collapse instantly upon formation, so not even light would make it through. (A similar proposal was later resurrected by Robert Hjellming in 1971, when he presented a model in which a black hole would draw matter in while being connected to a white hole in a distant location, which expels this same matter.) In a 1988 paper, physicists Kip Thorne and Mike Morris proposed since that such a wormhole could be made stable by containing some form of negative matter or energy (sometimes called exotic matter). Other types of traversible wormholes have also been proposed as valid solutions to the general relativity field equations. Some solutions to the general relativity field equations have suggested that wormholes could also be created to connect different times, as well as distant space. Still other possibilities have been proposed of wormholes connecting to whole other universes. There is still much speculation on whether it is possible for wormholes to actually exist and, if so, what properties they would actually possess. Also Known As: Einstein-Rosen bridge, Schwarzschild wormhole, Lorentzian wormhole, Morris-Thorne wormhole Examples: Wormholes are best known for their appearance in science fiction. The television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, for example, largely focused on the existence of a stable, traversible wormhole that connected the Alpha Quadrant of our galaxy (which contains Earth) with the distant Gamma Quadrant. Similarly, shows such as Sliders and Stargate have used such wormholes as the means of traveling to other universes or distant galaxies.

French colonisation in popular culture of francophone countries Personal Statement

French colonisation in popular culture of francophone countries - Personal Statement Example With the French culture spreading beyond the national boundaries, one would argue that one of the major implications of the French colonization led to the spread of French language to Africans. Sonnenburg continues to emphasize that the French assumed the African syntax and made it obligatory for the Africans to speak French, a policy referred to as the assimilation process (221). Centuries later, the Francophone countries still use French as their official language. Africans adopted the Frenchman way of living. The mode of dressing changed for the Africans. Regardless of copious protests against the revolution of the Africans to Frenchmen, the French managed to change the Africans. With time, studies indicate that Africans were able to change their lifestyles to French to extent that to be elected in the legislative assembly, Africans had to lead a life similar to that of the Frenchman (220). In the case of Tunisia for example, nearly all the elite and government officials had been assimilated to being Frenchmen. Eradication of the French language and replace it with the indigenous Arabic language was completely tasking for the Tunisians. With French literacy elevated in Tunisia, this is yet another impact on the culture of Francophone colonies of Africa. In a study of colonization and France with its spheres of influence, France ought not to be linked to colonization. France has been associated with education and spread of the same to other generations (223). In one way or another, it would arguable that the French brainwashed their colonies into accepting their language and culture; thus, entire loss of the African identity. As opposed to coercion like other colonial masters, the French managed to influence he colonies into embracing the Frenchman way of living (222). Francophone countries became multicultural societies embodied with a blend of both African culture- in minute forms, and the French culture dominating the way